1971: Film director loses copyright 19

M:
Recently, there has been a growing trend of exchanging and broadcasting television programs with foreign television stations.
If a program in which we appear is broadcast on a foreign broadcasting station, we are in charge of the arrangements on how much they must pay us.
We also handle the arrangements for when the program is made into a video or laser disc, or when it is broadcast on satellite broadcasting.
The new agreement we recently concluded also includes an arrangement on how much we must pay when the program is provided for high definition.

Basically, these are rights that belong to individual musicians, performers, and actors, but if they were to make arrangements one by one, it would be difficult for NHK and commercial broadcasters, who are the negotiating partners, to make arrangements, so the organizations decide on rules and make arrangements based on those.

For example, when NHK is obligated to pay musicians, the remuneration goes into the "芸団協/Geidankyo."
In other words, the payer pays the organization with which each musician is registered, and we then pass it on to our members.
Moreover, since it would be a lot of work to distribute each time, they distribute about six months' worth twice a year in a lump sum.

In addition, under the Copyright Act, in addition to payments for secondary usage of commercial records, there is also compensation for the lending of commercial records.

These are also received by Geidankyo and then distributed to affiliated organizations of Geidankyo, such as the Japan Music Federation and the Japan Actors Union.

Secondary royalties from rental records and CDs are first received by the organization and then distributed to the performers.

There are some types of income that are difficult to allocate.
These include fees for rebroadcasting very old programs, and the sale of videos and laser discs.
Recently, there have been programs celebrating the tens of years of anniversaries on commercial broadcasting stations, which have dug out very old music and used it.
It's easy to tell who the actors are because their faces appear on TV, but it's very difficult to know how many people participated in the music that was played in the background.

For such things, our organization first receives the royalties in a lump sum, which we use to fund social security and mutual aid activities for musicians, which are currently very underdeveloped, as well as to subsidize their performance activities and independent concerts.
Also, with very old records, it's hard to know who was involved, and there are no documents from that time.
So we use the secondary royalties for the same purpose.

Rather than calculating in detail for each individual case, we receive an estimated amount each year.
This method of determining the amount is called the ”blanket method.”