2024年 07月 26日
Marx and Engels: Collected Letters, Volume 2 03
In 1873, Engels wrote about dialectics in natural science in a letter to Marx.
This overlaps with the previous articles, but since it is an important part, I will excerpt the opening part of the letter.
"The object of natural science is matter, objects in motion.
Objects cannot be separated from motion, and their form and type can only be recognized in motion."
"In motion, an object shows what it is.
Therefore, natural science recognizes objects by considering them in their mutual relations or in motion. The simplest form of motion is change of position."
Then the letter goes on to explain physics and chemistry.
In a later memo, Engels wrote that the real premise of organic science in the dialectical transition is "in history - the (history of) the solar system, the (history of) the earth."
As we have commented before, space science at this time was still in the process of development.
This overlaps with the previous articles, but since it is an important part, I will excerpt the opening part of the letter.
"The object of natural science is matter, objects in motion.
Objects cannot be separated from motion, and their form and type can only be recognized in motion."
"In motion, an object shows what it is.
Therefore, natural science recognizes objects by considering them in their mutual relations or in motion. The simplest form of motion is change of position."
Then the letter goes on to explain physics and chemistry.
In a later memo, Engels wrote that the real premise of organic science in the dialectical transition is "in history - the (history of) the solar system, the (history of) the earth."
As we have commented before, space science at this time was still in the process of development.
However, nowadays, details are being elucidated one after another, from micro to macro.
Imagine the surprise and joy that Engels would utter if he found out about this!
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Nancy Grace Roman, about to launch, will explore the early universe as it transitioned from opaque to transparent. The image at the link is an imaginary image of the universe within 1 billion years of the Big Bang.
This NASA article describes how matter such as particles, atoms, protons, and electrons were created after the Big Bang.
The article states the number "380,000 years after the Big Bang." The article does not provide a detailed explanation, but it is based on the observation of "light just 380,000 years after the Big Bang" by the Planck satellite (announced in 2013). Due to Planck's discovery, the time of the Big Bang was revised from "13.7 billion years ago" to "13.82 billion years ago" in 2013.
This NASA article describes how matter such as particles, atoms, protons, and electrons were created after the Big Bang.
The article states the number "380,000 years after the Big Bang." The article does not provide a detailed explanation, but it is based on the observation of "light just 380,000 years after the Big Bang" by the Planck satellite (announced in 2013). Due to Planck's discovery, the time of the Big Bang was revised from "13.7 billion years ago" to "13.82 billion years ago" in 2013.
by kiyubaru2020
| 2024-07-26 23:43
| marx engels eisen
